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The trouble with venture capital

Problem is not too little money but too much

Brad Cherniak, Financial Post =20 Published: Tuesday, August 11, 2009

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3D"Venture =20 Tyler Brownbridge/Windsor Star Venture capital is like the NBA for high school = basketball=20 players. It's a niche industry that grants funding to only a very, very = select=20 few, writes Brad Cherniak.

There have been plenty of stories in the press in recent months = quoting=20 well-respected industry leaders and practitioners prescribing fixes for = the=20 undeniably parched and struggling Canadian venture capital industry.

For the most part, these prescriptions involve finding additional = sources of=20 capital to buttress dwindling investment volumes. Inevitably, one of the = key=20 sources suggested is government. To be fair, few are asking directly for = a=20 bailout, but still there are variations on the theme that are equally = harmful to=20 the long-term prospects of the industry.

In my opinion, there has been little basic economic analysis of the = industry=20 for either Canada or the United States.

First, the problem with venture capital is not the lack of capital, = rather it=20 is excessive capital. Far too much has flowed into the industry in the = past=20 decade, flooding companies with cash that should never have been funded, = skewing=20 investment valuations and overdiluting the management talent pool.

In both countries, capital inflows, as the accompanying graphs show, = have=20 exceeded gross domestic product growth by all measures since 1990 by = orders of=20 magnitude. This was simply not sustainable, and reverting somewhat to = the mean=20 was inevitable. What is happening now is a market acting rationally, not = some=20 mysterious evaporation of capital.

This historical excess of capital has predictably pancaked returns,=20 particularly in Canada but also in the United States, leading to the = vicious=20 circle that has brought the industry to the sorry state it is in now. = This has=20 had a far greater effect on the flow of venture capital than the global=20 recession, which the industry is designed to react to and benefit = from.

The graphs also show the U.S. market has been far more disciplined in = correcting the capital excess in recent years and will rebound long = before the=20 Canadian market. Total venture capital under management in Canada has = not fallen=20 a single dime in the past three years, while in the United States it has = dropped=20 almost a third. Ah, free markets.

The worst thing that could be done would be for governments to pour = funds=20 into the industry -- this would only delay the painful reckoning and = exacerbate=20 the problem, not dissimilar to what we have seen in the auto industry or = the=20 U.S. financial sector. This will also continue to hurt the few = top-performing=20 funds that still have capital to invest. We should not forget the = lessons of the=20 well-meaning but failed, Labour-Sponsored Investment Fund tax credit=20 experiment.

It remains to be seen whether an Obama administration, which is the = most=20 activist and expansionist in memory, can resist the temptation to become = the=20 next chapter of this lesson. Timothy Geithner, the Oracle of Delphi, or = at least=20 D.C., has already made noises to Congress about regulating the industry = to=20 prevent a "threat to financial stability" -- a ridiculous notion as it = relates=20 to the venture capital industry, but the mantra of interventionist = governments=20 everywhere today. But I wouldn't place all the blame for the industry's = current=20 plight on governments. There is plenty to go around.

My advice for private companies seeking growth capital is this:

Recalibrate expectations

Venture capital is a niche industry by nature and will remain so. It = is the=20 equivalent of the NBA for high school basketball players -- only a very, = very=20 select few fitting a specific profile will be able to obtain this form = of=20 capital, so manage your expectations and your business appropriately. = Get the=20 stars out of your eyes and back to basics.

The league may have expanded from 30 teams to 500 in the past few = years, but=20 those added franchises will fall by the wayside to stem the bloodbath = they=20 brought on themselves.

Anticipate the future

The venture capital industry is in for several years of drought as it = works=20 its way out of its capital excess. This process will be drawn out = further to the=20 extent heroic measures are undertaken by governments. There is no = specific=20 problem to be dealt with -- only the rational cycle of a free = market.

For their part, governments should focus on fiscal discipline and = keeping=20 taxes as low as possible, particularly those on investment income and = capital=20 gains, and, to a lesser extent, reducing the red tape in cross-border = capital=20 inflow from the United States. Only initiatives like these will really = help the=20 venture capital industry through this extreme downcycle.

Plan and seek creative alternatives and solutions

Businesses seeking growth capital are the collateral damage and = victims of=20 timing--but this has been the case since the industrial revolution. = Focus=20 unwaveringly on your own business and don't fight a cycle you can't = control.

Broaden your financial capital net, structure deals to conserve or = even=20 create capital, and always, always do the math before doing anything. = Those who=20 can properly analyze the situation will more often than not come out = ahead.

Brad Cherniak has spent more than 20 years as a principal, advisor = to and=20 investor in private companies. He is co-founder and partner at Sapient = Capital=20 Partners, a Toronto-based advisory firm to companies from early stage to = $50-million in revenues . His column appears monthly. He can be reached = at=20 brad@sapientcap.com

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=C2=A9 2009 The National Post Company. All rights = reserved.=20 Unauthorized distribution, transmission or republication strictly=20 prohibited.

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"hidden" : "visible"; } function ValidatorUpdateIsValid() { Page_IsValid =3D AllValidatorsValid(Page_Validators); } function AllValidatorsValid(validators) { if ((typeof(validators) !=3D "undefined") && (validators !=3D null)) = { var i; for (i =3D 0; i < validators.length; i++) { if (!validators[i].isvalid) { return false; } } } return true; } function ValidatorHookupControlID(controlID, val) { if (typeof(controlID) !=3D "string") { return; } var ctrl =3D document.getElementById(controlID); if ((typeof(ctrl) !=3D "undefined") && (ctrl !=3D null)) { ValidatorHookupControl(ctrl, val); } else { val.isvalid =3D true; val.enabled =3D false; } } function ValidatorHookupControl(control, val) { if (typeof(control.tagName) !=3D "string") { return; =20 } if (control.tagName !=3D "INPUT" && control.tagName !=3D "TEXTAREA" = && control.tagName !=3D "SELECT") { var i; for (i =3D 0; i < control.childNodes.length; i++) { ValidatorHookupControl(control.childNodes[i], val); } return; } else { if (typeof(control.Validators) =3D=3D "undefined") { control.Validators =3D new Array; var eventType; if (control.type =3D=3D "radio") { eventType =3D "onclick"; } else { eventType =3D "onchange"; if (typeof(val.focusOnError) =3D=3D "string" && = val.focusOnError =3D=3D "t") { ValidatorHookupEvent(control, "onblur", = "ValidatedControlOnBlur(event); "); } } ValidatorHookupEvent(control, eventType, = "ValidatorOnChange(event); "); if (control.type =3D=3D "text" || control.type =3D=3D "password" || control.type =3D=3D "file") { ValidatorHookupEvent(control, "onkeypress",=20 "if (!ValidatedTextBoxOnKeyPress(event)) { = event.cancelBubble =3D true; if (event.stopPropagation) = event.stopPropagation(); return false; } "); } } control.Validators[control.Validators.length] =3D val; } } function ValidatorHookupEvent(control, eventType, functionPrefix) { var ev; eval("ev =3D control." + eventType + ";"); if (typeof(ev) =3D=3D "function") { ev =3D ev.toString(); ev =3D ev.substring(ev.indexOf("{") + 1, ev.lastIndexOf("}")); } else { ev =3D ""; } var func; if (navigator.appName.toLowerCase().indexOf('explorer') > -1) { func =3D new Function(functionPrefix + " " + ev); } else { func =3D new Function("event", functionPrefix + " " + ev); } eval("control." + eventType + " =3D func;"); } function ValidatorGetValue(id) { var control; control =3D document.getElementById(id); if (typeof(control.value) =3D=3D "string") { return control.value; } return ValidatorGetValueRecursive(control); } function ValidatorGetValueRecursive(control) { if (typeof(control.value) =3D=3D "string" && (control.type !=3D = "radio" || control.checked =3D=3D true)) { return control.value; } var i, val; for (i =3D 0; i twoDigitCutoffYear) ? (cutoffYearCentury - 100 + = year) : (cutoffYearCentury + year)); } var num, cleanInput, m, exp; if (dataType =3D=3D "Integer") { exp =3D /^\s*[-\+]?\d+\s*$/; if (op.match(exp) =3D=3D null) return null; num =3D parseInt(op, 10); return (isNaN(num) ? null : num); } else if(dataType =3D=3D "Double") { exp =3D new RegExp("^\\s*([-\\+])?(\\d*)\\" + val.decimalchar + = "?(\\d*)\\s*$"); m =3D op.match(exp); if (m =3D=3D null) return null; if (m[2].length =3D=3D 0 && m[3].length =3D=3D 0) return null; cleanInput =3D (m[1] !=3D null ? m[1] : "") + (m[2].length>0 ? = m[2] : "0") + (m[3].length>0 ? "." + m[3] : ""); num =3D parseFloat(cleanInput); return (isNaN(num) ? null : num); } else if (dataType =3D=3D "Currency") { var hasDigits =3D (val.digits > 0); var beginGroupSize, subsequentGroupSize; var groupSizeNum =3D parseInt(val.groupsize, 10); if (!isNaN(groupSizeNum) && groupSizeNum > 0) { beginGroupSize =3D "{1," + groupSizeNum + "}"; subsequentGroupSize =3D "{" + groupSizeNum + "}"; } else { beginGroupSize =3D subsequentGroupSize =3D "+"; } exp =3D new RegExp("^\\s*([-\\+])?((\\d" + beginGroupSize + = "(\\" + val.groupchar + "\\d" + subsequentGroupSize + ")+)|\\d*)" + (hasDigits ? "\\" + val.decimalchar + = "?(\\d{0," + val.digits + "})" : "") + "\\s*$"); m =3D op.match(exp); if (m =3D=3D null) return null; if (m[2].length =3D=3D 0 && hasDigits && m[5].length =3D=3D 0) return null; cleanInput =3D (m[1] !=3D null ? m[1] : "") + m[2].replace(new = RegExp("(\\" + val.groupchar + ")", "g"), "") + ((hasDigits && = m[5].length > 0) ? "." + m[5] : ""); num =3D parseFloat(cleanInput); return (isNaN(num) ? null : num); } else if (dataType =3D=3D "Date") { var yearFirstExp =3D new = RegExp("^\\s*((\\d{4})|(\\d{2}))([-/]|\\. = ?)(\\d{1,2})\\4(\\d{1,2})\\s*$"); m =3D op.match(yearFirstExp); var day, month, year; if (m !=3D null && (m[2].length =3D=3D 4 || val.dateorder =3D=3D = "ymd")) { day =3D m[6]; month =3D m[5]; year =3D (m[2].length =3D=3D 4) ? m[2] : = GetFullYear(parseInt(m[3], 10)) } else { if (val.dateorder =3D=3D "ymd"){ return null; } var yearLastExp =3D new RegExp("^\\s*(\\d{1,2})([-/]|\\. = ?)(\\d{1,2})\\2((\\d{4})|(\\d{2}))\\s*$"); m =3D op.match(yearLastExp); if (m =3D=3D null) { return null; } if (val.dateorder =3D=3D "mdy") { day =3D m[3]; month =3D m[1]; } else { day =3D m[1]; month =3D m[3]; } year =3D (m[5].length =3D=3D 4) ? m[5] : = GetFullYear(parseInt(m[6], 10)) } month -=3D 1; var date =3D new Date(year, month, day); if (year < 100) { date.setFullYear(year); } return (typeof(date) =3D=3D "object" && year =3D=3D = date.getFullYear() && month =3D=3D date.getMonth() && day =3D=3D = date.getDate()) ? date.valueOf() : null; } else { return op.toString(); } } function ValidatorCompare(operand1, operand2, operator, val) { var dataType =3D val.type; var op1, op2; if ((op1 =3D ValidatorConvert(operand1, dataType, val)) =3D=3D null) return false; if (operator =3D=3D "DataTypeCheck") return true; if ((op2 =3D ValidatorConvert(operand2, dataType, val)) =3D=3D null) return true; switch (operator) { case "NotEqual": return (op1 !=3D op2); case "GreaterThan": return (op1 > op2); case "GreaterThanEqual": return (op1 >=3D op2); case "LessThan": return (op1 < op2); case "LessThanEqual": return (op1 <=3D op2); default: return (op1 =3D=3D op2); } } function CompareValidatorEvaluateIsValid(val) { var value =3D ValidatorGetValue(val.controltovalidate); if (ValidatorTrim(value).length =3D=3D 0) return true; var compareTo =3D ""; if ((typeof(val.controltocompare) !=3D "string") || (typeof(document.getElementById(val.controltocompare)) =3D=3D = "undefined") || (null =3D=3D document.getElementById(val.controltocompare))) { if (typeof(val.valuetocompare) =3D=3D "string") { compareTo =3D val.valuetocompare; } } else { compareTo =3D ValidatorGetValue(val.controltocompare); } var operator =3D "Equal"; if (typeof(val.operator) =3D=3D "string") { operator =3D val.operator; } return ValidatorCompare(value, compareTo, operator, val); } function CustomValidatorEvaluateIsValid(val) { var value =3D ""; if (typeof(val.controltovalidate) =3D=3D "string") { value =3D ValidatorGetValue(val.controltovalidate); if ((ValidatorTrim(value).length =3D=3D 0) && ((typeof(val.validateemptytext) !=3D "string") || = (val.validateemptytext !=3D "true"))) { return true; } } var args =3D { Value:value, IsValid:true }; if (typeof(val.clientvalidationfunction) =3D=3D "string") { eval(val.clientvalidationfunction + "(val, args) ;"); } return args.IsValid; } function RegularExpressionValidatorEvaluateIsValid(val) { var value =3D ValidatorGetValue(val.controltovalidate); if (ValidatorTrim(value).length =3D=3D 0) return true; var rx =3D new RegExp(val.validationexpression); var matches =3D rx.exec(value); return (matches !=3D null && value =3D=3D matches[0]); } function ValidatorTrim(s) { var m =3D s.match(/^\s*(\S+(\s+\S+)*)\s*$/); return (m =3D=3D null) ? "" : m[1]; } function RequiredFieldValidatorEvaluateIsValid(val) { return (ValidatorTrim(ValidatorGetValue(val.controltovalidate)) !=3D = ValidatorTrim(val.initialvalue)) } function RangeValidatorEvaluateIsValid(val) { var value =3D ValidatorGetValue(val.controltovalidate); if (ValidatorTrim(value).length =3D=3D 0) return true; return (ValidatorCompare(value, val.minimumvalue, = "GreaterThanEqual", val) && ValidatorCompare(value, val.maximumvalue, "LessThanEqual", = val)); } function ValidationSummaryOnSubmit(validationGroup) { if (typeof(Page_ValidationSummaries) =3D=3D "undefined") return; var summary, sums, s; for (sums =3D 0; sums < Page_ValidationSummaries.length; sums++) { summary =3D Page_ValidationSummaries[sums]; summary.style.display =3D "none"; if (!Page_IsValid && IsValidationGroupMatch(summary, = validationGroup)) { var i; if (summary.showsummary !=3D "False") { summary.style.display =3D ""; if (typeof(summary.displaymode) !=3D "string") { summary.displaymode =3D "BulletList"; } switch (summary.displaymode) { case "List": headerSep =3D "
"; first =3D ""; pre =3D ""; post =3D "
"; end =3D ""; break; case "BulletList": default: headerSep =3D ""; first =3D "

"; post =3D "

"; break; case "SingleParagraph": headerSep =3D " "; first =3D ""; pre =3D ""; post =3D " "; end =3D "
"; break; } s =3D ""; if (typeof(summary.headertext) =3D=3D "string") { s +=3D summary.headertext + headerSep; } s +=3D first; for (i=3D0; i Send this = story ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CA1A8F.37F3A3C0 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.nationalpost.com/_assets/js/main.js // = *************************************************************************= *********************** // FLASH REPLACE // use express install to ensure desired version before load function show_swf_version(num_v_maj, num_v_min, num_v_rev, str_id, = fn_callback){ =09 // load detect script var obj_s =3D document.createElement('script'); set_attribute(obj_s, 'type', 'text/javascript'); set_attribute(obj_s, 'src', = 'http://www.nationalpost.com/_assets/js/flash_install.js'); document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(obj_s); =09 // do stuff when loaded var int_load =3D setInterval(function(){ if(typeof(DetectFlashVer) =3D=3D 'function'){ clearInterval(int_load); =09 // user capable of install var bool_install =3D DetectFlashVer(6, 0, 65); =09 // user not up to spec var bool_pass =3D DetectFlashVer(num_v_maj, num_v_min, num_v_rev); =09 if(bool_pass){ fn_callback(); }else if(bool_install){ document.title =3D document.title.slice(0, 47) + ' - Flash Player = Installation'; var MMdoctitle =3D document.title; var s_params =3D '{flashvars: \'' + 'MMredirectURL=3D' + = window.location + '&MMplayerType=3D' + (isIE ? 'ActiveX' : 'PlugIn') + = '&MMdoctitle=3D' + MMdoctitle + '\'}'; show_swf('/_assets/swfs/player_install.swf', 964, 650, s_params, '', = str_id); }else{ alert('You need the latest Adobe Flash player to view some of the = content on this page.'); } } }, 10); =09 } function show_swf(src, width, height, params, message, str_id){ =09 // create params var str_output =3D ''; var obj_params =3D ''; var embed_params =3D ''; var id =3D ''; =09 if(params && params.length > 0){ try{ params =3D eval('(' + params + ')'); }catch(e){} for(var key in params){ if(/^id$/i.test(key)){ id =3D ' id=3D"' + params[key] + '"'; }else{ obj_params +=3D ''; } embed_params +=3D key + '=3D"' + params[key] + '" '; } } // write object if(window.ActiveXObject){ // IE str_output =3D '

'; }else{ // Moz str_output =3D '

0){ try{ document.getElementById(str_id).innerHTML +=3D str_output; }catch(e){ document.write(str_output); }; }else{ document.write(str_output); } } // = *************************************************************************= *********************** // TABS function tabs_init(str_id){ =09 var int_tab_init =3D setInterval(function(){ if(document.getElementById(str_id)){ clearInterval(int_tab_init); = document.getElementById(str_id).getElementsByTagName('ul')[0].style.displ= ay =3D 'block'; } }, 100); } function tabs_select(obj_a){ =09 // nav styling =09 // get parent ul var obj_ul =3D obj_a; var limit =3D 20; var count =3D 0; while(!(/^ul$/i.test(obj_ul.nodeName))){ obj_ul =3D obj_ul.parentNode; count++; if(count > limit){ return; } } =09 // reset tabs var arr_tab_ids =3D new Array(); arr_li =3D obj_ul.getElementsByTagName('li'); for(var x =3D 0; x < arr_li.length; x++){ arr_li[x].className =3D ''; } =09 // set current nav tab style var obj_li =3D obj_a.parentNode; while(!(/^li$/i.test(obj_li.nodeName))){ obj_li =3D obj_li.parentNode; } obj_li.className =3D 'tabs-selected'; =09 // tab content =09 // hide current tab content var arr_a =3D obj_ul.getElementsByTagName('a'); for(var x =3D 0; x < arr_a.length; x++){ obj_tab =3D = document.getElementById(arr_a[x].href.replace(/^.*?#(.*)$/, '$1')); if(!(/tabs-hide/i.test(obj_tab.className))){ obj_tab.className =3D 'tabs-hide'; } } =09 // show content obj_tab =3D document.getElementById(obj_a.href.replace(/^.*?#(.*)$/, = '$1')); if(trim(obj_tab.innerHTML) =3D=3D ''){ var obj_loader =3D document.createElement('div'); obj_loader.className =3D 'tabs-loader'; obj_tab.appendChild(obj_loader); int_progress =3D setInterval(function(){ clearInterval(int_progress); obj_loader.innerHTML =3D '

'; }, 1000); obj_tab_http =3D http_request('post', '/scripts/include.aspx?file=3D' = + arguments[1] + '&applyincludes=3Dtrue', tabs_loaded); } obj_tab.className =3D 'tabs-container'; =09 return false; } function tabs_loaded(){ =09 // abort unless loaded and okay if(!window.obj_tab_http || typeof(obj_tab_http) =3D=3D 'undefined' || = obj_tab_http.readyState !=3D 4 || obj_tab_http.status !=3D 200){ return; } =09 clearInterval(int_progress); =09 str_output =3D obj_tab_http.responseText; str_output =3D str_output.replace(/document\.write$"(.*?)"$;?/gi, = '$1'); str_output =3D str_output.replace(/\\"/gi, '"'); obj_tab.innerHTML =3D str_output; =09 tabs_load_js(str_output); =09 obj_tab_http =3D null; } function tabs_load_js(str_content){ =09 if(!(/javascript/i.test(str_content))){ return; } =09 var arr_src =3D new Array(); do{ result =3D /script.*?javascript.*?script>/gi.exec(str_content); =09 if(result !=3D null){ arr_src.push(String(result).replace(/.*?src=3D['"]?(.*\.js).*?$/gi, = '$1')); str_content =3D str_content.slice(result.lastIndex); } }while (result !=3D null); =09 // get scripts for(var x =3D 0; x < arr_src.length; x++){ var obj_scr =3D document.createElement('script'); obj_scr.type =3D 'text/javascript'; obj_scr.src =3D arr_src[x]; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(obj_scr); } } // = *************************************************************************= *********************** // COOKIES function set_cookie(name, value, days){ if(days){ var date =3D new Date(); date.setTime(date.getTime() + (days * 86400000)); var expires =3D '; expires=3D'+date.toGMTString(); }else{ var expires =3D ''; } document.cookie =3D name + '=3D' + value + expires + '; path=3D/'; } function get_cookie(name){ var cookies =3D document.cookie.split(';'); name +=3D '=3D'; for(var x =3D 0; x < cookies.length; x++){ var cookie =3D cookies[x]; while(cookie.charAt(0) =3D=3D ' '){ //delete spaces cookie =3D cookie.substring(1, cookie.length); } if (cookie.indexOf(name) =3D=3D 0){ return cookie.substring(name.length, cookie.length); } } return false; } // = *************************************************************************= *********************** // FORMS // AUTO EMPTY/FILL INPUT (HINTING) function autovalue(element, focused, string){ =09 // focus: clear field when no user input if(focused && element.value =3D=3D string){ element.value =3D ''; =09 // blur: insert value if field empty }else if(element.value.length <=3D 0){ element.value =3D string; } return } // RADIO SELECTOR - FROM TEXT LINK function radio_select(element){ // must be called from next sibling of = input do { element =3D element.previousSibling; } while (element && element.nodeType !=3D 1); element.checked =3D true; return false; } // CHECKBOX SELECTOR - FROM TEXT LINK function cbox_select(element){ // must be called from next sibling of = input do { element =3D element.previousSibling; } while (element && element.nodeType !=3D 1); element.checked =3D !element.checked; return false; } // FORM ELEMENT FOCUS AND HOVER function hilite(element, enable){ // call on focus/blur; change element = border if(!document.all){ // non-IE // required to disable hilite on disabled elements if(element.parentNode.nodeName.toLowerCase() =3D=3D "button"){ element =3D element.parentNode; }else{ return; } } /* if(/MSIE 6/.test(navigator.appVersion)){ element =3D element.firstChild; } //*/ if(enable){ element.style.border =3D '#666 1px solid'; }else{ element.style.border =3D '#ccc 1px solid'; } } function accent(element, enable){ // call on focus/blur; change element = color (main search box) if(enable){ element.style.color =3D '#000'; }else{ element.style.color =3D '#666'; } } // add options to select box function add_options(obj_select, arr_options, str_default){ var option; =09 // add default option if(str_default !=3D null){ option =3D document.createElement('option'); option.value =3D str_default; option.appendChild(document.createTextNode(str_default)); obj_select.appendChild(option); } // add remaining options for(var x =3D 0; x < arr_options.length; x++){ option =3D document.createElement('option'); option.value =3D arr_options[x].id; option.appendChild(document.createTextNode(arr_options[x].caption)); obj_select.appendChild(option); } } // remove options from select box function remove_options(obj_select){ while(obj_select.options.length > 0){ obj_select.removeChild(obj_select.childNodes[obj_select.options.length = - 1]); } } // notify user of change (eg. select box option change) function label_notify_changed(str_id){ var label =3D document.getElementById(str_id); var count =3D 0; var label_class; var flash =3D setInterval(function(){ if(count % 2 =3D=3D 0){ //label.style.color =3D '#ff0000'; label_class =3D label.className.replace(' alert', ''); label.className =3D label_class + ' alert'; }else{ //label.style.color =3D '#000000'; label.className =3D label_class; } count++; if(count >=3D 6){ clearInterval(flash); } }, 100); } // = *************************************************************************= *********************** // AJAX // send http request function http_request(str_method, str_path, fn_callback){ var obj_http =3D false; if(window.XMLHttpRequest){ // mozilla obj_http =3D new XMLHttpRequest(); }else if(window.ActiveXObject){ // IE obj_http =3D new ActiveXObject('microsoft.xmlhttp'); } if(obj_http){ obj_http.onreadystatechange =3D fn_callback; obj_http.open(str_method, str_path, true); obj_http.setRequestHeader('content-type', = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'); obj_http.send(str_path); } return obj_http; } // = *************************************************************************= *********************** // DOM Manipulation document.getElementsByClassName =3D function(str_class){ var arr_results =3D []; var arr_elements =3D document.getElementsByTagName('*'); for(var x =3D 0; x < arr_elements.length; x++){ if(arr_elements[x].className.indexOf(' ') >=3D 0){ var str_classes =3D arr_elements[x].className.split(' '); for(var y =3D 0; y < str_classes.length; y++){ if(str_classes[y] =3D=3D str_class){ arr_results.push(arr_elements[x]); } } }else if(arr_elements[x].className =3D=3D str_class){ arr_results.push(arr_elements[x]); } } return arr_results; } function set_attribute(obj, str_name, str_value){ if(window.ActiveXObject){ if(/^on\w+$/.test(str_name)){ obj[str_name] =3D new Function(str_value); }else if(/^class$/i.test(str_name)){ obj.className =3D str_value; }else if(/^style$/i.test(str_name)){ obj.style =3D str_value; }else{ obj.setAttribute(str_name, str_value); } }else{ return obj.setAttribute(str_name, str_value); } } function offset_top(obj){ var num_offset =3D obj.offsetTop; var obj_parent =3D obj.offsetParent; do{ try{ num_offset +=3D obj_parent.offsetTop; obj_parent =3D obj_parent.offsetParent; }catch(e){ break; } }while(true); return num_offset; } function offset_left(obj){ var num_offset =3D 0; var obj_parent; try{ num_offset =3D obj.offsetLeft; obj_parent =3D obj.offsetParent; }catch(e){} do{ try{ num_offset +=3D obj_parent.offsetLeft; obj_parent =3D obj_parent.offsetParent; }catch(e){ break; } }while(true); return num_offset; } // = *************************************************************************= *********************** // TEXT // trim whitespace function trim(str){ return str.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, ''); } // DEV feedback var bool_dev =3D false; try{ if(/(\?|&)dev/.test(top.document.location.search)){ var bool_dev =3D true; } }catch(e){}; function blurt(str){ if(bool_dev){ alert(str); } } ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CA1A8F.37F3A3C0 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.nationalpost.com/_assets/js/story.js // CHANGE STORY FONT SIZE var story_cookie_name =3D 'NPfontsize'; var story_class =3D 'story-content'; var story_font_size_min =3D 6; //=20 var story_font_size_default =3D 12; // 16px @ 1.333em var story_font_size_max =3D 24; // 32px @ 1.333em var story_regex =3D new RegExp('\\b' + story_class + '\\b'); function font_size(value){ var story_font_size; if(!(story_font_size =3D parseInt(get_cookie(story_cookie_name)))){ story_font_size =3D story_font_size_default; } story_font_size =3D Math.max(story_font_size_min, = Math.min(story_font_size + value, story_font_size_max)); var elements =3D document.getElementsByClassName(story_class); for(var x =3D 0; x < elements.length; x++){ elements[x].style.fontSize =3D story_font_size + 'px'; if(story_font_size =3D=3D story_font_size_default){ set_cookie(story_cookie_name, null, -1); // default, no cookie }else{ set_cookie(story_cookie_name, story_font_size, 30); } } return false; } // email popup function story_email(bool_state){ =09 // show/hide swfs arr_obj =3D document.getElementsByTagName('object'); for(var x =3D 0; x < arr_obj.length; x++){ arr_obj[x].style.visibility =3D bool_state ? 'hidden' : 'visible'; } =09 arr_emb =3D document.getElementsByTagName('embed'); for(var x =3D 0; x < arr_emb.length; x++){ arr_emb[x].style.visibility =3D bool_state ? 'hidden' : 'visible'; } =09 // show/hide var obj_box =3D document.getElementById('story_email_box'); var obj_cw =3D document.getElementById('contentwrap'); obj_box.style.display =3D bool_state ? 'block' : 'none'; obj_cw.style.overflow =3D bool_state ? 'visible' : ''; if(bool_state){ var num_margin =3D 10; var obj_ifr =3D obj_box.getElementsByTagName('iframe')[1]; var obj_box =3D obj_ifr.parentNode; var num_offset =3D obj_box.getElementsByTagName('p')[0].offsetHeight + = obj_box.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].offsetHeight; var num_ifr_h =3D Math.min(550, (document.documentElement.clientHeight = - num_offset - num_margin * 2)); obj_ifr.style.height =3D num_ifr_h + 'px'; obj_box.style.marginTop =3D Math.round((num_ifr_h + num_offset) / -2) = + 'px'; } =09 return false; } // print popup function story_print(){ id =3D location.search.replace(/^.+\bid=3D([^&]+).*$/, '$1'); window.open('/story-printer.html?id=3D' + encodeURIComponent(id), = 'sharer', = 'toolbar=3D1,status=3D1,location=3D0,menubar=3D1,scrollbars=3D1,width=3D6= 50,height=3D600'); return false; } function story_delineate(str){ theleft =3D str.indexOf("=") + 1; theright =3D str.lastIndexOf("&"); if ( theright =3D=3D -1 ) { theright =3D str.length; } return(str.substring(theleft, theright)); } // sharing str_url =3D encodeURIComponent(location.href); str_title =3D encodeURIComponent(document.title); // Facebook function fbs_click(){ var w =3D 600, h =3D 400; window.open('http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=3D' + str_url + = '&t=3D' + str_title, 'sharer', 'width=3D' + w + ',height=3D' + h + = ',top=3D' + ((screen.height - h) / 2) + ',left=3D' + ((screen.width - w) = / 2) + ',scrollbars=3D1'); return false; } // Digg function digg_click(){ var w =3D 960, h =3D screen.height - 200; window.open('http://digg.com/submit?phase=3D2&url=3D' + str_url + = '&title=3D' + str_title, 'sharer', 'width=3D' + w + ',height=3D' + h = + ',top=3D' + ((screen.height - h) / 2) + ',left=3D' + ((screen.width - = w) / 2) + ',scrollbars=3D1'); return false; } // LinkedIn function linkedin_click(){ var w =3D 700, h =3D 400; window.open('http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=3Dtrue&url=3D' + = str_url + '&title=3D' + str_title + '&source=3D' + = document.location.host, 'sharer', 'width=3D' + w + ',height=3D' + h + = ',top=3D' + ((screen.height - h) / 2) + ',left=3D' + ((screen.width - w) = / 2) + ',scrollbars=3D1'); return false; } // StumbleUpon function stumble_click(){ var w =3D 700, h =3D 400; window.open('http://www.stumbleupon.com/submit?url=3D' + str_url + = '&title=3D' + str_title, 'sharer', 'width=3D' + w + ',height=3D' + h = + ',top=3D' + ((screen.height - h) / 2) + ',left=3D' + ((screen.width - = w) / 2) + ',scrollbars=3D1'); return false; } // AddThis function addthis_click(){ var w =3D 700, h =3D 750; window.open('http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?url=3D' + str_url + = '&title=3D' + str_title + '&pub=3D' + document.location.host, = 'sharer', 'width=3D' + w + ',height=3D' + h + ',top=3D' + = ((screen.height - h) / 2) + ',left=3D' + ((screen.width - w) / 2) + = ',scrollbars=3D1'); return false; } // fixes renegade large images (ahem... BizWire) function story_imgfix(){ if(document.getElementById('storyphoto')){ var obj_img =3D document.getElementById('storyphoto'); obj_img.onload =3D function(){ var num_width_max =3D obj_img.width; var num_height_max; switch(num_width_max){ case 614: num_height_max =3D 414; break; case 404: num_height_max =3D 272; break; case 194: num_height_max =3D 131; break; case 124: num_height_max =3D 84; break; } obj_img.removeAttribute('width'); var num_width =3D obj_img.offsetWidth; var num_height =3D obj_img.offsetHeight; var num_scale =3D Math.min(1, Math.min(num_width_max / num_width, = num_height_max / num_height)); obj_img.width =3D Math.round(num_scale * num_width); obj_img.height =3D Math.round(num_scale * num_height); obj_img.style.display =3D 'block'; obj_img.style.marginRight =3D 'auto'; obj_img.style.marginLeft =3D 'auto'; }; } } // = *************************************************************************= *********************** // Loomia var L_VARS =3D {}; L_VARS.publisher_key =3D 1552304488; //L_VARS.anchor =3D'loomia_box'; L_VARS.number =3D 5; L_VARS.guid =3D = document.location.search.replace(/^.*(?:\?|&)id=3D(\d+).*$/, '$1'); var _loomia_scripts_loaded =3D 0; function _loomia_addScript(url){ var anchor =3D document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; var script=3D document.createElement('script'); script.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); script.setAttribute('src', url); anchor.appendChild(script); } function _loomia_addCS(){ if(!_loomia_scripts_loaded){ _loomia_addScript('http://clix-cache.loomia.com/js/clixdom.js'); _loomia_addScript('http://widget-cache.loomia.com/js/onewidget.js'); } _loomia_scripts_loaded =3D 1; }; if(window.addEventListener){ window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', _loomia_addCS, false); window.addEventListener('load', _loomia_addCS, false); }else if(window.attachEvent){ window.attachEvent('onload', _loomia_addCS); } ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CA1A8F.37F3A3C0 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.nationalpost.com/_assets/js/nav.js // requires NP/_assets/js/main.js // adjust submenus so they don't extend beyond right edge of page (function(){ var iHeaderMarginLeft =3D -16; var iSubmenuMarginLeft =3D -10; var iSubmenuNarrowWidth =3D 260; var iSubmenuWidth =3D 430; if(/MSIE 6/i.test(navigator.appVersion)){ iHeaderMarginLeft =3D -36; iSubmenuMarginLeft =3D 0; } var oHeader =3D document.getElementById('header'); var iHeaderRight =3D 0 + offset_left(oHeader) - iHeaderMarginLeft; try{ iHeaderRight +=3D oHeader.offsetWidth; }catch(e){} var aSubmenus =3D oHeader.getElementsByTagName('dl'); for(var i =3D 0; i < aSubmenus.length; i++){ var iMenuLeft =3D offset_left(aSubmenus[i]); var aDiv =3D aSubmenus[i].getElementsByTagName('div'); if(aDiv.length > 0){ var oSubmenu =3D aDiv[0]; var iWidth =3D 0; if(/\bnarrow\b/i.test(oSubmenu.className)){ iWidth =3D iSubmenuNarrowWidth; }else{ iWidth =3D iSubmenuWidth; } if(iMenuLeft + iWidth + iSubmenuMarginLeft > iHeaderRight){ oSubmenu.style.marginLeft =3D iHeaderRight - (iMenuLeft + iWidth + = iSubmenuMarginLeft) + 'px'; } } } })(); ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CA1A8F.37F3A3C0 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Location: http://stockgroup.financialpost.com/financialpost/Markets_Financialpost.asp?qboxon=0 document.open(); document.writeln('

'); document.writeln('

'); document.writeln(' '); document.writeln(''); document.writeln('S&P/TSX'); document.writeln(' 10,626.18'); document.writeln('
'); document.writeln(' '); document.writeln(''); document.writeln('TSX Venture'); document.writeln(' 1,173.93'); document.writeln('
'); document.writeln(' '); document.writeln(''); document.writeln('Dow Jones'); document.writeln(' 9,260.64'); document.writeln('
'); document.writeln(' '); document.writeln(''); document.writeln('NASDAQ'); document.writeln(' 1,968.12'); document.writeln('
'); document.writeln(' '); document.writeln(''); document.writeln('S&P 500'); document.writeln(' 995.56'); document.writeln('
'); document.writeln(' '); document.writeln(''); document.writeln('Dollar'); document.writeln(' 0.9088'); document.writeln('
Updated 2:17 PM ET

'); document.writeln('

'); ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CA1A8F.37F3A3C0 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.financialpost.com/_assets/js/stockbar.js // = *************************************************************************= ******************** // used by header stockbar // = *************************************************************************= ******************** // = *************************************************************************= ******************** // INIT // stores current iframe src var stockbar_cur_href; var stockbar_obj_box; // box width if(window.ActiveXObject){ var stockbar_box_width =3D 220; }else{ var stockbar_box_width =3D 200; } function stockbar_init(){ var int_stockbar_init =3D setInterval(function(){ if(document.getElementById('stockbar')){ clearInterval(int_stockbar_init); var obj_ul =3D = document.getElementById('stockbar').getElementsByTagName('ul')[0]; obj_ul.getElementsByTagName('li')[0].className =3D 'first'; var arr_a =3D obj_ul.getElementsByTagName('a'); for(var x =3D 0; x < arr_a.length; x++){ =09 set_attribute(arr_a[x], 'onmouseover', = 'javascript:try{stockbar_hover(this, true);}catch(e){}'); set_attribute(arr_a[x], 'onmouseout', = 'javascript:try{stockbar_hover(this, false);}catch(e){}'); set_attribute(arr_a[x], 'onclick', 'javascript:return false'); arr_a[x].href =3D 'http://www.financialpost.com/' + = arr_a[x].href.replace(/^\w{3,}:\/\/[^\/]*?\/(.*?)$/, '$1'); } stockbar_obj_box =3D document.createElement('iframe'); set_attribute(stockbar_obj_box, 'id', 'stockbar_box'); set_attribute(stockbar_obj_box, 'frameBorder', 0); stockbar_obj_box.style.display =3D 'none'; if(!window.ActiveXObject){ document.body.appendChild(stockbar_obj_box); } } }, 100); if(window.ActiveXObject){ var old_onload =3D window.onload; window.onload =3D function(){ if(old_onload){ old_onload(); } document.body.appendChild(stockbar_obj_box); }; } } // = *************************************************************************= ******************** // FN's function stockbar_hover(obj_a, bool_show){ var num_alpha =3D 0; var num_step =3D 15; var num_rate =3D 5; var offset_x =3D 5; var offset_y =3D 10; if(!document.getElementById('stockbar_box')){ return; }else{ obj_box =3D document.getElementById('stockbar_box'); } try{ clearInterval(int_stockbar_hide); }catch(e){}; try{ clearInterval(int_stockbar_fade); }catch(e){}; if(bool_show){ obj_a.style.cursor =3D 'help'; obj_box.style.top =3D offset_top(obj_a) + obj_a.offsetHeight + = offset_y + 'px'; obj_box.style.left =3D offset_left(obj_a) + (obj_a.offsetWidth / 2) - = (stockbar_box_width / 2) + offset_x + 'px'; if(stockbar_cur_href !=3D obj_a.href){ try{ clearInterval(int_stockbar_show); }catch(e){}; obj_box.src =3D obj_a.href; stockbar_cur_href =3D obj_a.href; num_alpha =3D 0; if(window.ActiveXObject){ // IE obj_box.style.filter =3D 'alpha(opacity=3D' + num_alpha + ')'; }else{ // Moz obj_box.style.opacity =3D num_alpha / 100; } obj_box.style.display =3D 'block'; int_stockbar_show =3D setInterval(function(){ num_alpha +=3D num_step; if(window.ActiveXObject){ // IE obj_box.style.filter =3D 'alpha(opacity=3D' + num_alpha + ')'; }else{ // Moz obj_box.style.opacity =3D num_alpha / 100; } obj_box.style.display =3D 'block'; if(num_alpha <=3D 0){ obj_box.style.filter =3D 'alpha(opacity=3D100)'; obj_box.style.opacity =3D 1; clearInterval(int_stockbar_show); } }, num_rate); } }else{ int_stockbar_hide =3D setInterval(function(){ try{ clearInterval(int_stockbar_show); }catch(e){}; stockbar_cur_href =3D null; clearInterval(int_stockbar_hide); num_alpha =3D 100; int_stockbar_fade =3D setInterval(function(){ num_alpha -=3D num_step; if(window.ActiveXObject){ // IE obj_box.style.filter =3D 'alpha(opacity=3D' + num_alpha + ')'; }else{ // Moz obj_box.style.opacity =3D num_alpha / 100; } if(num_alpha <=3D 0){ obj_box.style.display =3D 'none'; if(window.ActiveXObject){ // IE obj_box.style.filter =3D 'alpha(opacity=3D0)'; }else{ // Moz obj_box.style.opacity =3D 0; } clearInterval(int_stockbar_fade); } }, num_rate); }, 100); } } ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CA1A8F.37F3A3C0 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.financialpost.com/_assets/js/symbol_lookup.js // *************************** // stock quote bar symbol lookup code function symbol_lookup_popup(){ var num_w =3D 400; var num_h =3D 250; var remote =3D = open('http:\/\/stockgroup.financialpost.com/pfolio_popsymbollookup_cwi.as= p?at=3D0&portID=3D0', 'Lookup', 'width=3D' + num_w + ', height=3D' + = num_h + ', left=3D' + Math.round((screen.width - num_w) / 2) + ', = top=3D' + Math.round((screen.height - num_h) / 2) + ', scrollbars=3D1'); if(remote.opener =3D=3D null){ remote.opener =3D window; } remote.opener.name =3D 'symbollookup'; remote.focus(); return false; } ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CA1A8F.37F3A3C0 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.nationalpost.com/_assets/js/video/widget.js // = *************************************************************************= *********************** // VIDEO WIDGET // requires NP/_assets/js/main.js var obj_videowidget; // init function fn_vw_init(str_video_id){ =09 if(typeof(obj_videowidget) !=3D 'object'){ obj_videowidget =3D {}; } =09 obj_videowidget[str_video_id] =3D {}; obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num_vw_current =3D 0; obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num_vw_auto_delay =3D 10; =09 var int_video_init =3D setInterval(function(){ if(document.getElementById('vw_mask_' + str_video_id)){ clearInterval(int_video_init); obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li =3D = document.getElementById('vw_mask_' + = str_video_id).getElementsByTagName('li'); obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num_vw_width =3D = document.getElementById('vw_mask_' + str_video_id).offsetWidth; for(var x =3D 0; x < obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li.length; = x++){ obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[x].style.position =3D = 'absolute'; obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[x].style.zIndex =3D 0; obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[x].style.width =3D = obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num_vw_width + 'px'; obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[x].style.top =3D 0; obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[x].style.left =3D = obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num_vw_width + 10 + 'px'; } = obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num= _vw_current].style.left =3D '0'; =09 // wait for render before truncating 1st abstract var int_vw_truncate =3D setInterval(function(){ clearInterval(int_vw_truncate); fn_vw_truncate(str_video_id, = obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num= _vw_current]); }, 100); =09 obj_videowidget[str_video_id].int_vw_auto =3D setInterval(function(){ fn_vw_move(str_video_id, 1, false); }, obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num_vw_auto_delay * 1000); } }, 100); } function fn_vw_truncate(str_video_id, obj_li){ var obj_p =3D obj_li.getElementsByTagName('p')[0]; var num_ie =3D 0; if(window.ActiveXObject){ num_ie =3D 3; // IE phantom img 3px margin-bottom } var limit =3D 100; // sometimes shit goes wrong, so stop after a while while(obj_li.offsetHeight - num_ie > document.getElementById('vw_mask_' = + str_video_id).offsetHeight){ obj_p.innerHTML =3D trim(obj_p.innerHTML).replace(/^(.*) .+$/, = '$1...'); if(limit < 0){ break; } limit--; } } // scroll function fn_vw_move(str_video_id, num_step, bool_user){ =09 var num_dest; =09 // abort if moving = if(!(/^0[^\d]*$/.test(obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[obj_videowi= dget[str_video_id].num_vw_current].style.left))){ return false; } =09 if(bool_user){ try{ clearInterval(obj_videowidget[str_video_id].int_vw_auto); }catch(e){} } =09 // determine dest num_dest =3D (obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num_vw_width + 10) * = -num_step; =09 // pointer to current var obj_li =3D = obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num= _vw_current]; =09 // increment index obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num_vw_current +=3D num_step; if(obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num_vw_current >=3D = obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li.length){ obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num_vw_current =3D 0; }else if(obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num_vw_current < 0){ obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num_vw_current =3D = obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li.length - 1; } =09 // position next / prev = obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num= _vw_current].style.left =3D -num_dest + 'px'; =09 // truncate abstract fn_vw_truncate(str_video_id, = obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num= _vw_current]); =09 // move clearInterval(obj_videowidget[str_video_id].int_vw_move); obj_videowidget[str_video_id].int_vw_move =3D setInterval(function(){ =09 // move boxes obj_li.style.left =3D parseInt(obj_li.style.left) + (num_dest - = parseInt(obj_li.style.left)) / 2 + 'px'; = obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num= _vw_current].style.left =3D = parseInt(obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[obj_videowidget[str_vide= o_id].num_vw_current].style.left) + (0 - = parseInt(obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[obj_videowidget[str_vide= o_id].num_vw_current].style.left)) / 2 + 'px'; =09 = if(Math.abs(parseInt(obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[obj_videowid= get[str_video_id].num_vw_current].style.left)) < 1){ clearInterval(obj_videowidget[str_video_id].int_vw_move); obj_li.style.left =3D num_dest + 'px'; = obj_videowidget[str_video_id].arr_vw_li[obj_videowidget[str_video_id].num= _vw_current].style.left =3D 0; 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